Ku-“Invisible City” ebhalwe ngumlobi wase-Italy uCalvino, kukhona umusho othi: “Idolobha lifana nephupho, futhi konke okungacatshangwa kungaphupha…”
Njengendalo enkulu yamasiko esintu, amadolobha anesifiso sesintu sempilo engcono. Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, kusukela kuPlato kuya kuMoore, isintu besilokhu sinethemba lokwakha i-Utopia. Ngakho-ke, ngandlela thile, ukwakhiwa kwedolobha elisha elihlakaniphile kuseduze kakhulu nokuba khona kwephupho lomuntu lempilo engcono.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngentuthuko esheshayo yengqalasizinda entsha yaseShayina kanye nesizukulwane esisha sobuchwepheshe bolwazi njenge-Internet of Things, ukwakhiwa kanye nentuthuko yamadolobha ahlakaniphile kuyaqhubeka ngokugcwele. Idolobha lamaphupho elingakwazi ukuzwa, ukucabanga, ukuthuthuka kanye nokuba nokushisa liya ngokuya liba ngokoqobo..
Iphrojekthi yesibili ngobukhulu emkhakheni we-Internet of Things:Idolobha Elihlakaniphile
Iphrojekthi ye-smart city kanye ne-smart city ibe ngenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezixoxwe ngazo. Isebenza kakhulu nge-Intanethi Yezinto enenjongo nehlanganisiwe, idatha kanye nokuxhumana, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezixazululo kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Ngokushintsha kusuka kumaphrojekthi esikhashana edolobha elihlakaniphile kuya eqenjini lokuqala lamadolobha ahlakaniphile angempela, amaphrojekthi edolobha elihlakaniphile azokhula kakhulu. Eqinisweni, lokhu kukhula kwaqala eminyakeni eminingana edlule futhi kwashesha ngo-2016. Phakathi kwawo, akunzima ukuthola ukuthi iphrojekthi yedolobha elihlakaniphile ingenye yezinkambu eziholayo ze-Intanethi Yezinto ezisebenzayo.
Ngokusho kombiko okhishwe yi-IoT Analytics, inkampani yokuhlaziya i-Internet of Things yaseJalimane, ngokombono wesabelo somhlaba wonke samaphrojekthi e-Internet of Things, iphrojekthi yedolobha elihlakaniphile iyiphrojekthi yesibili ngobukhulu ye-Internet of Things, ngemuva komkhakha we-inthanethi. Kuphrojekthi yedolobha elihlakaniphile, uhlelo lokusebenza oluthandwa kakhulu ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, lulandelwe yizinsiza ezihlakaniphile.
Ukuze libe idolobha elihlakaniphile "langempela", idolobha lidinga indlela ephelele yokuxhumanisa amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene nokuhlanganisa idatha eminingi namapulatifomu ndawonye ukuze kutholakale zonke izinzuzo ezilethwa yidolobha elihlakaniphile. Phakathi kwazo,ubuchwepheshe obuvulekilefuthiipulatifomu yedatha evulekilekuzoba yisihluthulelo sesigaba esilandelayo.
I-IDC ithe ipulatifomu yedatha evulekile ngo-2018 izoba umngcele olandelayo wepulatifomu ye-Intanethi Yezinto. Nakuba kuzoba nezingqinamba ezithile futhi kungekho okukhulunywa ngakho ngokukhethekile ngamadolobha ahlakaniphile, kusobala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwale pulatifomu yedatha evulekile ngokuqinisekile kuzoba nesikhundla esivelele emkhakheni wamadolobha ahlakaniphile.
Ku-“IDC FutureScape: Forecast of the Global Internet of Things in 2017″, i-IDC ikhulume ngokuvela kwale datha evulekile. Le nkampani ithe ngo-2019, ohulumeni bendawo nabezifunda abafinyelela ku-40% bazosebenzisa i-Internet of Things ukuguqula ingqalasizinda efana nezibani zasemgwaqweni, imigwaqo kanye nezimpawu zomgwaqo zibe yizimpahla esikhundleni sezikweletu.
Yiziphi izimo zokusetshenziswa kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile?Mhlawumbe ngeke sicabange ngokushesha ngephrojekthi yemvelo ehlakaniphile kanye nephrojekthi yesixwayiso sezikhukhula ezihlakaniphile, kodwa akunakuphikwa ukuthi zibalulekile kuphrojekthi yedolobha elihlakaniphile. Isibonelo, lapho ukungcola kwemvelo yasemadolobheni kuphikisana, lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zokwakha amaphrojekthi edolobha elihlakaniphile, ngoba anganikeza izinzuzo eziqondile neziwusizo ezakhamuzini.
Yiqiniso, amacala athandwa kakhulu edolobheni elihlakaniphile afaka phakathi ukupaka okuhlakaniphile, ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi okuhlakaniphile, izibani zasemgwaqweni ezihlakaniphile kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza okuhlakaniphile. Noma kunjalo, la macala avame ukuhlanganisa izici ezixubile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuxazulula izinkinga zasemadolobheni, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukisa impilo yasemadolobheni nokubeka izakhamuzi kuqala ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Okulandelayo ezinye zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza noma izinkambu zamadolobha ahlakaniphile:
Izinsizakalo zomphakathi, njengezinsizakalo zezakhamuzi, izinsizakalo zezokuvakasha, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, ubuwena kanye nokuphathwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zolwazi.
Ukuphepha komphakathi, njengokukhanya okuhlakaniphile, ukuqapha imvelo, ukulandelela izimpahla, amaphoyisa, ukuqapha ngevidiyo kanye nokusabela eziphuthumayo.
Ukusimama, okuhlanganisa ukuqapha imvelo, ukuphathwa nokubuyiselwa kwemfucuza okuhlakaniphile, amandla ahlakaniphile, ukulinganisa okuhlakaniphile, amanzi ahlakaniphile, njll.
Ingqalasizinda, okuhlanganisa ingqalasizinda ehlakaniphile, ukuqapha impilo yesakhiwo sezakhiwo nezikhumbuzo, izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile, ukunisela okuhlakaniphile, njll.
Ezokuthutha: umgwaqo ohlakaniphile, ukwabelana ngezimoto okunethiwekhi, ukupaka okuhlakaniphile, ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi okuhlakaniphile, ukuqapha umsindo nokungcola, njll.
Emasimini e-imithi ehlakaniphile, imfundo ehlakaniphile, ukubusa okuhlakaniphile, ukuhlela okuhlakaniphile, idatha ehlakaniphile/evulekile, imisebenzi kanye nezinsizakalo zedolobha elihlakaniphile zihlanganiswe kakhulu, okubuye kube yisici esiyinhloko esivumela idolobha elihlakaniphile.
Akuyona nje idolobha elihlakaniphile elisekelwe “kubuchwepheshe”
Njengoba siqala ukuya edolobheni elihlakaniphile ngempela, izinketho ezihlobene, ukushintshaniswa kwedatha, ipulatifomu ye-inthanethi yezinto kanye nezinye izici zizoqhubeka nokukhula.
Ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa njengokuphathwa kwemfucuza ehlakaniphile noma ukupaka okuhlakaniphile, i-inthanethi yezinto ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa emadolobheni ahlakaniphile namuhla ilula futhi ishibhile. Indawo yasemadolobheni ivame ukuba nomkhawulo omuhle wezintambo ezingenantambo zezingxenye zeselula. Kukhona amafu, izixazululo ezithile kanye nemikhiqizo eyenzelwe amaphrojekthi edolobha ahlakaniphile, kanye nokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi enamandla aphansi (i-LPWAN) emadolobheni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kwanele ukuhlangabezana nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Nakuba kunesici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe, ukubaluleka kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile kungaphezu kwalokho. Abantu bangaxoxa ngisho nangencazelo "yokuhlakanipha". Yiqiniso, eqinisweni eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu neliphelele lamadolobha ahlakaniphile, kumayelana nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezakhamuzi nokuxazulula izinselele zabantu, umphakathi kanye nemiphakathi yasemadolobheni.
Ngamanye amazwi,idolobha eliphumelelayo lephrojekthi yedolobha elihlakaniphile akusikho ukubonakaliswa kobuchwepheshe, kodwa ukufezwa komgomo ngokusekelwe embonweni jikelele wendawo yokwakha kanye nezidingo zabantu (kufaka phakathi izidingo ezingokomoya).Yiqiniso, empeleni, izwe ngalinye kanye namasiko kuhlukile. Nakuba izidingo eziyisisekelo zivame kakhulu, kuhilela nezinhloso zokusebenza kanye nezebhizinisi.
Namuhla, noma yini ebizwa ngokuthi ubuhlakani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyisakhiwo esihlakaniphile, igridi ehlakaniphile noma idolobha elihlakaniphile, umongo walo ukuxhumana nedatha, okuqashelwa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene futhi kuguqulwe kube ubuhlakani njengesisekelo sokwenza izinqumo. Yiqiniso, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuxhumana kuyi-Intanethi Yezinto kuphela, futhi umphakathi oxhumene okungenani ubaluleke njengezakhamuzi.
Uma sibheka izinselele eziningi zomhlaba wonke njengokuguga kwabantu kanye nezinkinga zesimo sezulu, kanye “nezifundo” ezitholwe kulolu bhubhane, kusobala ukuthi inhloso yokuhlola kabusha amadolobha ibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi ubukhulu bezenhlalo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kuhlale kubalulekile.
I-Accenture yenze ucwaningo ngokombono wezinsizakalo zomphakathi zezakhamuzi, olufunde ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha okuhlanganisa ne-Internet of Things, futhi yathola ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwezakhamuzi empeleni kwakubekwe endaweni yokuqala. Njengoba ishadi lolwazi locwaningo libonisa, ukuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi nakho kuphezulu kakhulu (80%), futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi obusha kulethe imiphumela ebonakalayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-17-2023
